Use of Passive Sensing in Psychotherapy Studies in Late Life: A Pilot Example, Opportunities and Challenges.

TitleUse of Passive Sensing in Psychotherapy Studies in Late Life: A Pilot Example, Opportunities and Challenges.
Publication TypeJournal Article
Year of Publication2021
AuthorsLee J, Solomonov N, Banerjee S, Alexopoulos GS, Sirey JAnne
JournalFront Psychiatry
Volume12
Pagination732773
Date Published2021
ISSN1664-0640
Abstract

Late-life depression is heterogenous and patients vary in disease course over time. Most psychotherapy studies measure activity levels and symptoms solely using self-report scales, administered periodically. These scales may not capture granular changes during treatment. We introduce the potential utility of passive sensing data collected with smartphone to assess fluctuations in daily functioning in real time during psychotherapy for late life depression in elder abuse victims. To our knowledge, this is the first investigation of passive sensing among depressed elder abuse victims. We present data from three victims who received a 9-week intervention as part of a pilot randomized controlled trial and showed a significant decrease in depressive symptoms (50% reduction). Using a smartphone, we tracked participants' daily number of smartphone unlocks, time spent at home, time spent in conversation, and step count over treatment. Independent assessment of depressive symptoms and behavioral activation were collected at intake, Weeks 6 and 9. Data revealed patient-level fluctuations in activity level over treatment, corresponding with self-reported behavioral activation. We demonstrate how passive sensing data could expand our understanding of heterogenous presentations of late-life depression among elder abuse. We illustrate how trajectories of change in activity levels as measured with passive sensing and subjective measures can be tracked concurrently over time. We outline challenges and potential solutions for application of passive sensing data collection in future studies with larger samples using novel advanced statistical modeling, such as artificial intelligence algorithms.

DOI10.3389/fpsyt.2021.732773
Alternate JournalFront Psychiatry
PubMed ID34777042
PubMed Central IDPMC8580874
Grant ListK23 MH123864 / MH / NIMH NIH HHS / United States